If your pet is in immediate danger, call your vet or emergency animal hospital NOW. ASPCA Poison Control: (888) 426-4435 | Pet Poison Helpline: (855) 764-7661
Xylitol Poisoning in Dogs
Xylitol is an artificial sweetener found in sugar-free gum, candy, baked goods, peanut butter, and many household products. It is extremely toxic to dogs, causing a rapid release of insulin that leads to life-threatening hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In larger doses, it can cause acute liver failure. Even small amounts can be deadly.
Symptoms to Watch ForWarning Signs
- Vomiting (often the first sign, within 15-30 minutes)
- Weakness, lethargy, and inability to stand
- Lack of coordination, staggering, or stumbling
- Tremors or seizures
- Collapse
- Jaundice (yellowing of gums and eyes) — indicates liver failure
- Bruising or bleeding — indicates liver failure and clotting problems
Immediate First AidAct Now
- 1Call your vet or ASPCA Poison Control (888) 426-4435 immediately — this is a true emergency
- 2Do NOT induce vomiting unless specifically directed by a veterinary professional
- 3If your dog is conscious and able to swallow, rub corn syrup, honey, or sugar water on the gums to raise blood sugar
- 4Keep your dog warm and calm during transport to the vet
- 5Bring the product packaging so the vet can determine the amount of xylitol consumed
- 6Time is critical — liver failure can develop within 12-24 hours
When to Call the Vet
- Always call immediately — xylitol poisoning is a life-threatening emergency
- Even if your dog seems fine initially, symptoms can develop rapidly
- Liver failure can occur with a delayed onset of 12-72 hours
- All suspected xylitol ingestion requires emergency veterinary care
Additional Information
The hypoglycemic dose of xylitol in dogs is approximately 0.1 g/kg body weight, and the hepatotoxic (liver-damaging) dose is approximately 0.5 g/kg. A single piece of sugar-free gum can contain 0.3-1.0 g of xylitol. Xylitol is also labeled as birch sugar or E967. Cats do not appear to be as sensitive, but caution is still recommended.